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The Gwalior Gharana is one of the oldest Khyal Gharanas. The rise of the Gwalior Gharana started with the reign of the great Mughal emperor Akbar (1542–1605). The favorite singers of this patron of the arts, such as Miyan Tansen, first amongst the vocalists at the court, came from the town of Gwalior. ==History== During the time of Mughal kings Ustad Naththan Pir Bakhsh and his maternal grandsons were the legendary Haddu, Hassu and Natthu Khan. The main musician in the court at the time was Ustad Bade Mohammad Khan who was famous for his taanbaazi. Both Ustad Bade Mohammad Khan and Ustad Naththan Pir Bakhsh belonged to the same tradition of Shahi Sadarang. Some sources believe that Ustad Naththan Pir Bakhsh settled in Gwalior and evolved the style features that led to this gharana. Others claim that individuals named Naththan Pir Bakhsh and Nathu Khan founded the gharana. The accepted version is that Naththan Pir Baksh left Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh to escape the professional rivalry with Ustad Shakkar Khan that had taken an ugly turn. He arrived in Gwalior with his maternal grandsons Haddu Khan and Hassu Khan. Another great khayal singer, also originally from Lucknow, was Ustad Bade Mohammed Khan who brought the Taan into khayal singing. Haddu Khan and Hassu Khan further enhanced the style of the Gwalior gharana as we recognize it today. Hassu Khan died prematurely. Haddu Khan's sons, Rehmat Ali Khan and Ustad Bade Inayat Hussain Khan (1852–1922) was a widely acclaimed singer who liberated the Gwalior style from the methodical form it followed to the emotional style that he preferred. Krishnarao Shankar Pandit`s name occupies an important place in the gharana (Gwalior) of Haddu Khan. He was born on 26th July 1893 in an illustrious family of musicians of Gwalior. He received his early musical tutelage from his father, Shankarrao Pandit, who was a legend in himself, being the disciple of the great Ustad Haddu Khan and Ustad Nathu Khan - the innovators of the Gwalior style and then Nathu Khan`s son Ustad Nissar Hussain Khan. Benefiting from an extensive and intensive training from his father, Krishnarao`s extraordinary regimen included pre dawn practice in the woods to perfect swara, laya and breath control. He was taught wrestling, gymnastics, yoga and swimming to develop stamina, and a range of three octaves. A distinguished and versatile musician, with a rich repertoire, Krishna Rao was equally at home in Khayal, Tappa and Tarana. He was considered a master of `Layakari`. Krishnarao became a well-known singer at an early age. In 1921 he was awarded the title Gayak Shiromani at the All India Congress. For a while, Krishnarao Shankar Pandit served as Court Musician in the court of Madhavrao Scindia of Gwalior. He also opened a music school in Gwalior, Shankar Gandharva Mahavidyalaya, in 1914. He was a respected performer for over thirty years and the various positions of distinction he held also included State Musician of the erstwhile State of Satara (Maharashtra), Emeritus Professor of Madhav Music College, Gwalior and Producer Emeritus All India Radio and Doordarshan. For his immense contribution to the world of classical music, he received numerous awards including the Padma Bhushan in 1973 and the Tansen award in 1980. His disciples included Laxman Krishnarao Pandit (son), Prof. Sharadchandra Arolkar, Balasaheb Poochwale, Meeta Pandit (grand daughter). He evolved an easy and independent notation system in 1914 and also published several books and articles in different journals & magazines. Krishna Rao Shankar Pandit breathed his last on 22nd August, 1989 at Gwalior. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gwalior gharana」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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